What is JUNETEETH? Is it related to slavery, The Emancipation Proclamation, Freedom Eve, The Civil War, The Watch Night Service, Independence Day, or Freedom Day? Is the Juneteeth Celebration and June 19th related? There is a tapestry of truth running through all of the above, producing a historic reality.
The name Juneteeth is as old as the fact of enslavement. It is the oldest known celebration of the ending of the same. It was on 19 June 1865 that the Union soldiers, led by Major General Gordon Granger, arrived in Galveston, Texas with the news that the Civil War had ended and that all enslaved were now free.
Noting this time-line, this was two and a half year after President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. Here are the facts:
September 22, 1862:
By Executive Order, President Abraham Lincoln issued an Emancipation which declared that on January 1, 1863 all
African Americans classified as “slaves” in the Confederacy
would be declared legally “freed.”
December 31, 1862:
This date was known as “freedom Eve.” On that night, Blacks came together in churches and private homes all across the nation, anxiously awaiting news that the Emancipation actually had become law.
January 1, 1863:
President Lincoln issued an Emancipation Proclamation declaring that the War between states had ended and that the enslaved were now freed. For two and a half years, this information was delayed in getting to Texas and when it did, it had little impact due to the minimal number of Union Troops to enforce the new Executive Order. Then, at the stroke of midnight, it was January 1, 1863, and all slaves in the Confederate States were declared legally free.
December 18, 1865:
It was not until December 18, 1865 that the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified which ended slavery in all parts of the United States.
The Emancipation Proclamation had little impact on the Texans due to the small number of Union troops for enforcement. However, with the surrender of General Lee in April 1865 and the arrival of General Granger’s soldiers, his forces were strong enough to defeat all opposition.
The explanation for this two and a half year delay is uncertain but two popular notions exist. (1) The news was deliberately with held by the enslaved master to maintain the labor force on the plantations. (2) The federal troops actually waited for the enslaved owner to reap the benefits of one last cotton harvest before going to Texas to enforce the Emancipation Proclamation.
“One of General Granger’s first order of business was to read to the people of Texas, General Order Number 3 which began most significantly with”:
“The people of Texas are informed that with a Proclamation from
The Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves
an absolute equality of rights of property between former masters
and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them
becomes that between employer and free laborer”.
Group reaction to this news ranged from a pure “shock” to a full scale jubilation. Memories of that great day in June of 1865 and its festivities will inspire many for years to come. The celebration of June 19TH was coined ‘juneteenth” and became a time celebration for descendants of former enslaved, making an annual pilgrimage back to Galveston.
Juneteeenth is a time of remembrance, festivities, food, affirming one another, prayer. It always focuses oneducation and self improvement.
The Fratelli Ruffatti Pipe Organ / R.Monty Bennett
Friendship Missionary Baptist Church, Charlotte, NC has a Fratelli Ruffatti Pipe Organ and a principal organist. Unlike the sermon building process which generally has three points, this story has two: The Fratelli Ruffatti Pipe Organ and two, The Principal Organist R. Monty Bennett. The organ is described very well in a document written by Monty himself which is used in its entirety.
Sadly, it is a rare occurrence in the life of many modern churches when they acquire a wonderful new pipe organ. Gone are the days when the pipe organ was the instrument by which a church was judged. However, we celebrate both the legacy and the vision of Friendship Missionary Baptist Church as this new Fratelli Ruffatti pipe organ is shared with the community. Part of the heritage of Friendship has always been a strong music program. From the days on Brevard Street, the Friendship family worshipped to the sounds of a Pilcher pipe organ. Moving to Beatties Ford Road, through the tireless efforts of Gerado Stroud, the church replaced the Rodgers electronic organ with a large four-manual pipe organ. Many famous organists have played that instrument as staff members, in recital and as guest musicians. The new pipe organ is not only “Friendship’s organ,” but it is for the community. The music it provides is for all. It is a unique arts presence in Charlotte, from its dulcet tones that comfort those as it plays hymns of promise to the grand blaze of sound that heralds wedding processions forward. It will ultimately bring worshippers closer to the presence of God. Mozart proclaimed the pipe organ the “King of Instruments” and it is only fitting that a house of God should have such a magnificent vehicle to worship the King of Kings.
With approximately 6,000 pipes ranging in size from ¼” to 32’, the organ is capable of a larger range of sound than any symphony orchestra. The organ is also capable of a wider range of dynamics than any other musical instrument, or group of instruments. Thanks to research and development by the Ruffatti Company on winding and expression, any musician who plays the organ installed at Friendship has a greater control over the range of dynamic expression than on any other pipe organ built in the world today, due in part to the Hyper-dynamic ™ expression shades—the first of which are installed here.
All the interior woodwork of the organ is handcrafted of Sipo Mahogany from central Africa and is finished both inside and out to furniture grade. This strong wood is selected for its straight grain, but the finishing process eliminates any warping or being affected by humidity or other climactic conditions. Wooden pipes are also made of the same wood and finished inside and out and are built with tongue and groove construction.
Metal pipes are made from either 95% pure Malaysian tin, or from tin/lead alloys of 70% tin or 50% tin. The Herald Trumpet, located on the rear wall of the church, is made of polished, spun brass. Each trumpet pipe is constructed like an orchestral trumpet with a flared bell which adds great visual beauty, but also helps with the tonal quality of the stop.
The solid cherry wood console is a marvel of modern technology. With over 225 stop knobs and over 150 pistons and toe studs to control all the pipes, it is run by several computers. A computer controlled record/playback system is built into the console and recordings may be saved via the USB port onto a flash memory stick and saved onto a computer for later editing and printing in music software.
Some stops that are on this organ that should be noted are:
SWELL 4’ Flauto Veneziano—this is a copy of an antique rank of pipes by the 18th century Venetian organbuilder Gaetano Callido and is characterized by a clean, clear sound.
CHOIR 4’ Flûte d’Amour—made of solid mahagony, this stop was common in organs in the early 20th century and features a unique design and the time taken to construct it truly was a labor of “love.”
CHOIR 8’ Dulciana/Unda Maris—these soft undulating stops are purposely tuned flat from each other in the Italian manner and the slight beat that results is said to resemble the “waves of the sea.”
CHOIR 8’ Tromba dell’Amicizia—the “Friendship Trumpet”, a hooded, high pressure reed, enclosed in the Choir
GREAT 8’ Harmonic Flute—this is a copy of the Harmonic Flute that Ruffatti built for their organ in the Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima, Fatima, Portugal.
SOLO 8’ Tuba Mirabilis—this is a replica of a 1926 WurliTzer tuba and is characterized by a rich, smooth reed tone.
USIGNOLO—the “nightingale”, five pipes submerged upside-down in oil that all play at once and replicate the sound of birds
In terms of size and cost, noted pride is evidenced that the FMBC pipe organ is the second largest in the city of Charlotte (following Calvary Church) but it is the largest musical instrument in an African American church in the nation. It is similar in size to Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church, First Presbyterian Church Naples, Florida and John’s Creek Baptist Church, Alpharetta, Georgia. Ruffatti’s largest organ is the instrument at Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove, Ca. where Robert Schuller is pastor.
According to brother Ed Holland, the Church Administrator at FMBC, the Ruffatti Pipe organ was installed at a cost of approximately 1.5 million dollars. Considering its value in glorifying God, the enhancement of worship and community, its value is more today.
Describing the organ is only a part of the story, now the second part. A church once found itself in a heated debate as to whether the church should purchase and install a “chandelier.” One ‘attempted peace-maker’ raised the question, if the church purchased a chandelier, who would play it? That settled the question. Friendship Missionary Baptist Church never had any difficulty locating an accomplished organist. Today, our principal organist is none other than:
R. MONTY BENNETT
Having been hailed as “one of the country’s top young concert artists” by the Baldwin Organ Company, R. Monty Bennett began musical studies at an early age in his native California. A graduate of the University of California, Santa Barbara, he was a student of Dr. James Welch, with whom he studied organ, carillon and harpsichord. Early keyboard studies were under the tutelage of William Bagileo, Herbert Nanney of Stanford University, and Dr. Roger Nyquist, of Santa Clara University. Always seeking to gain further knowledge of organ music and the instrument, he has participated in master classes with Dame Gillian Weir, Laura Ellis, Bruce Neswick, Gerre Hancock, Joyce Jones, Robert Glasgow and Todd Wilson, and has studied organ pipe voicing in Italy with Francesco Ruffatti.
Mr. Bennett has performed across the United States, Europe and Great Britain as an organist, accompanist and carillonneur. In 2005, he made his European debut playing a recital for the 22nd International Festival of Organists in Turin, Italy, where he played the European première of a collection of African-American spirituals by Calvin Taylor. Formerly the Minister of Music at Ebenezer Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church, Rock Hill, SC and Associate Minister of Music/Organist at Calvary Church, Charlotte, NC, he is currently the Principal Organist at Friendship Missionary Baptist Church, Charlotte, NC, where he designed and dedicated the Five-Manual Fratelli Ruffatti pipe organ. He also serves as carillonneur for Christoph Paccard Bellfoundries of Charleston, SC.
Mr. Bennett has served on the Executive Board of the Charlotte Chapter of the American Guild of Organists, where he coordinated the internationally renowned Summer Series Organ Recitals and served on the Program Committee. He currently serves the Charlotte Chapter AGO as the newsletter editor.
In light of his musical accomplishments, Mr. Bennett was chosen to be included in Who’s Who in America and has also been a featured performer on the National Public Radio broadcast Pipedreams.
When asked to assess his experience as the Principal Organist at FMBC, Monty responded in the following manner. “Being the organist at Friendship has enabled me to learn a wide variety of music and do more than just play the organ. I have the opportunity to conduct the choirs, work with the handbell choir, organize concerts, be a part of the ICOM Honors Choir of South Africa, play with the Orchestra, as well as select and design our pipe organ. Friendship is unique among churches in that our music program is so diverse, this allows me to not only play classical music, but also more contemporary styles, as well as spirituals and gospel.”
Monty grew up in Mountain View, CA, where he started taking piano lessons as age 4 ½. When in 7th grade, he began organ lessons and played in his first church service on Palm Sunday 1981. Monty went to the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he graduated with a degree in organ performance, but also studied harpsichord, choral conducting and carillon.
Mr. Bennett is the only child of his parents. His maternal family is very musical, but he is the only family member to pursue music as a professional career.
Friendship Missionary Baptist Church, Charlotte, NC has a Fratelli Ruffatti Pipe Organ and a principal organist. Unlike the sermon building process which generally has three points, this story has two: The Fratelli Ruffatti Pipe Organ and two, The Principal Organist R. Monty Bennett. The organ is described very well in a document written by Monty himself which is used in its entirety.
Sadly, it is a rare occurrence in the life of many modern churches when they acquire a wonderful new pipe organ. Gone are the days when the pipe organ was the instrument by which a church was judged. However, we celebrate both the legacy and the vision of Friendship Missionary Baptist Church as this new Fratelli Ruffatti pipe organ is shared with the community. Part of the heritage of Friendship has always been a strong music program. From the days on Brevard Street, the Friendship family worshipped to the sounds of a Pilcher pipe organ. Moving to Beatties Ford Road, through the tireless efforts of Gerado Stroud, the church replaced the Rodgers electronic organ with a large four-manual pipe organ. Many famous organists have played that instrument as staff members, in recital and as guest musicians. The new pipe organ is not only “Friendship’s organ,” but it is for the community. The music it provides is for all. It is a unique arts presence in Charlotte, from its dulcet tones that comfort those as it plays hymns of promise to the grand blaze of sound that heralds wedding processions forward. It will ultimately bring worshippers closer to the presence of God. Mozart proclaimed the pipe organ the “King of Instruments” and it is only fitting that a house of God should have such a magnificent vehicle to worship the King of Kings.
With approximately 6,000 pipes ranging in size from ¼” to 32’, the organ is capable of a larger range of sound than any symphony orchestra. The organ is also capable of a wider range of dynamics than any other musical instrument, or group of instruments. Thanks to research and development by the Ruffatti Company on winding and expression, any musician who plays the organ installed at Friendship has a greater control over the range of dynamic expression than on any other pipe organ built in the world today, due in part to the Hyper-dynamic ™ expression shades—the first of which are installed here.
All the interior woodwork of the organ is handcrafted of Sipo Mahogany from central Africa and is finished both inside and out to furniture grade. This strong wood is selected for its straight grain, but the finishing process eliminates any warping or being affected by humidity or other climactic conditions. Wooden pipes are also made of the same wood and finished inside and out and are built with tongue and groove construction.
Metal pipes are made from either 95% pure Malaysian tin, or from tin/lead alloys of 70% tin or 50% tin. The Herald Trumpet, located on the rear wall of the church, is made of polished, spun brass. Each trumpet pipe is constructed like an orchestral trumpet with a flared bell which adds great visual beauty, but also helps with the tonal quality of the stop.
The solid cherry wood console is a marvel of modern technology. With over 225 stop knobs and over 150 pistons and toe studs to control all the pipes, it is run by several computers. A computer controlled record/playback system is built into the console and recordings may be saved via the USB port onto a flash memory stick and saved onto a computer for later editing and printing in music software.
Some stops that are on this organ that should be noted are:
SWELL 4’ Flauto Veneziano—this is a copy of an antique rank of pipes by the 18th century Venetian organbuilder Gaetano Callido and is characterized by a clean, clear sound.
CHOIR 4’ Flûte d’Amour—made of solid mahagony, this stop was common in organs in the early 20th century and features a unique design and the time taken to construct it truly was a labor of “love.”
CHOIR 8’ Dulciana/Unda Maris—these soft undulating stops are purposely tuned flat from each other in the Italian manner and the slight beat that results is said to resemble the “waves of the sea.”
CHOIR 8’ Tromba dell’Amicizia—the “Friendship Trumpet”, a hooded, high pressure reed, enclosed in the Choir
GREAT 8’ Harmonic Flute—this is a copy of the Harmonic Flute that Ruffatti built for their organ in the Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima, Fatima, Portugal.
SOLO 8’ Tuba Mirabilis—this is a replica of a 1926 WurliTzer tuba and is characterized by a rich, smooth reed tone.
USIGNOLO—the “nightingale”, five pipes submerged upside-down in oil that all play at once and replicate the sound of birds
In terms of size and cost, noted pride is evidenced that the FMBC pipe organ is the second largest in the city of Charlotte (following Calvary Church) but it is the largest musical instrument in an African American church in the nation. It is similar in size to Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church, First Presbyterian Church Naples, Florida and John’s Creek Baptist Church, Alpharetta, Georgia. Ruffatti’s largest organ is the instrument at Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove, Ca. where Robert Schuller is pastor.
According to brother Ed Holland, the Church Administrator at FMBC, the Ruffatti Pipe organ was installed at a cost of approximately 1.5 million dollars. Considering its value in glorifying God, the enhancement of worship and community, its value is more today.
Describing the organ is only a part of the story, now the second part. A church once found itself in a heated debate as to whether the church should purchase and install a “chandelier.” One ‘attempted peace-maker’ raised the question, if the church purchased a chandelier, who would play it? That settled the question. Friendship Missionary Baptist Church never had any difficulty locating an accomplished organist. Today, our principal organist is none other than:
R. MONTY BENNETT
Having been hailed as “one of the country’s top young concert artists” by the Baldwin Organ Company, R. Monty Bennett began musical studies at an early age in his native California. A graduate of the University of California, Santa Barbara, he was a student of Dr. James Welch, with whom he studied organ, carillon and harpsichord. Early keyboard studies were under the tutelage of William Bagileo, Herbert Nanney of Stanford University, and Dr. Roger Nyquist, of Santa Clara University. Always seeking to gain further knowledge of organ music and the instrument, he has participated in master classes with Dame Gillian Weir, Laura Ellis, Bruce Neswick, Gerre Hancock, Joyce Jones, Robert Glasgow and Todd Wilson, and has studied organ pipe voicing in Italy with Francesco Ruffatti.
Mr. Bennett has performed across the United States, Europe and Great Britain as an organist, accompanist and carillonneur. In 2005, he made his European debut playing a recital for the 22nd International Festival of Organists in Turin, Italy, where he played the European première of a collection of African-American spirituals by Calvin Taylor. Formerly the Minister of Music at Ebenezer Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church, Rock Hill, SC and Associate Minister of Music/Organist at Calvary Church, Charlotte, NC, he is currently the Principal Organist at Friendship Missionary Baptist Church, Charlotte, NC, where he designed and dedicated the Five-Manual Fratelli Ruffatti pipe organ. He also serves as carillonneur for Christoph Paccard Bellfoundries of Charleston, SC.
Mr. Bennett has served on the Executive Board of the Charlotte Chapter of the American Guild of Organists, where he coordinated the internationally renowned Summer Series Organ Recitals and served on the Program Committee. He currently serves the Charlotte Chapter AGO as the newsletter editor.
In light of his musical accomplishments, Mr. Bennett was chosen to be included in Who’s Who in America and has also been a featured performer on the National Public Radio broadcast Pipedreams.
When asked to assess his experience as the Principal Organist at FMBC, Monty responded in the following manner. “Being the organist at Friendship has enabled me to learn a wide variety of music and do more than just play the organ. I have the opportunity to conduct the choirs, work with the handbell choir, organize concerts, be a part of the ICOM Honors Choir of South Africa, play with the Orchestra, as well as select and design our pipe organ. Friendship is unique among churches in that our music program is so diverse, this allows me to not only play classical music, but also more contemporary styles, as well as spirituals and gospel.”
Monty grew up in Mountain View, CA, where he started taking piano lessons as age 4 ½. When in 7th grade, he began organ lessons and played in his first church service on Palm Sunday 1981. Monty went to the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he graduated with a degree in organ performance, but also studied harpsichord, choral conducting and carillon.
Mr. Bennett is the only child of his parents. His maternal family is very musical, but he is the only family member to pursue music as a professional career.
