(Published as blog
7 & 45)
By Sheeiness Goss
and Vernon M.
Herron
Many of us
who grew up in the Black community of a typical city have probably heard of a
“Watch Night Service.” It was the gathering of the faithful in Church on New
Year’s Eve to give thanks and praises to God for seeing us through another
year. But is that the real historic meaning of “Watch Night” service?
I remember
two distinct “Watch Night” services which left an indelible impression upon
this writer. First, during my adolescent years, often I would attend Watch
Night services at St. Paul Baptist Church in Charlotte, NC during the
pastorates of the Reverends P. M.
Mayfield, D. W. Gaither and J. F. Wertz. One had to arrive at St. Paul Church
before 10 p.m. to be assured of a seat for the midnight service. The worship
service basically was “thanksgiving” in substance. It consisted of the singing
of meter hymns, moaning prayers of thanksgiving, testimonies, and preaching
which must be in progress at the strike of midnight, when all lights would be
extinguished and when worshippers shouted and yelled, “thank you Jesus to see
another year!” This was a dramatic moment of congregational achievement. The
Church’s bell would sound for 3 to 5 minutes after which all lights would
return. After the offering, everyone went home with a new year’s blessing for
being alive at the beginning of a new year.
The second
“Watch Night” experience which left an indelible impression was when I visited
the mission field in San Andres Island, Columbia as the guest evangelist of the
First Baptist Church. The annual revival was held during the last week of
December including New Year Day. There was the popular notion that everybody on
the Island must be in Church or on its grounds when the New Year arrives for
“good luck” and to ensure blessings during the year. Consequently, the church
was packed and its grounds filled as the Islanders had come, not to hear the
proclaimed Word but to insure each individual of personal charm and prosperity.
The truth of
the matter is that “Watch Night” service is an intriguing part of the African American cultural
tradition yet lacking in full understanding of its historic significance. As
stated earlier, the Watch Night service begins anywhere from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m.
and ends at midnight with the entrance of the New Year.
It is
assumed that Watch Night was a fairly standard Christian religious service – made a bit more
Afro-centric because that’s what happens when elements of Christianity become
linked with the Black Church.
Still, it
seemed that predominately White Christian churches did not include Watch Night
services on their calendars, but focused instead on Christmas Eve
programs. In fact, there were
instances where clergy in main denominations wondered aloud about the propriety
of linking religious services with a secular holiday like New Year’s Eve
services in African-American congregations.
The Watch
Night Service in Black communities has historical significance.
Note The Time-Line:
September
22, 1862:
By
Executive Order, President Abraham Lincoln issued an Emancipation which
declared that on January 1, 1863 all African
Americans classified as “slaves” in the Confederacy would
be declared legally “freed.”
December 31,
1862:
The
Watch Night Services in Black communities can be traced to gatherings on this date also known as
“freedom Eve.” On that
night, Blacks came together in churches and private homes all
across the nation, anxiously awaiting news that the Emancipation
actually had become law.
January 1, 1863:
President
Lincoln issued an Emancipation Proclamation declaring that the War between
states had ended and that the enslaved were now freed. For two and a half
years, this information was delayed in getting to Texas and when it did, it had
little impact due to the minimal number of Union Troops to enforce the new
Executive Order. Then, at the stroke of midnight, it was January 1, 1863, and
all slaves in the Confederate States were declared legally free.
December 18,
1865:
It
was not until December 18, 1865 that the 13th Amendment to the Constitution
was ratified which ended slavery in all parts of the United States. When
this news was received, there were prayers, shouts
and songs of joy as people fell to their knees and thanked God. Black
folks have gathered in churches annually on New Year’s Eve ever
since, praising God for bringing us safely through another year.
It’s
been over a century since that first Freedom’s Eve and many of us were
never taught the African American history of Watch Night, but tradition still bring us together at this time
every year to celebrate “how we got over.”
WATCH NIGHT SERVICE LITANY
(African American Heritage Hymnal -
104)
O God, as
was the customary of our parents and ancestors, we come to this Watch Night
vigil to be with you, in your house, as we usher out the old year and welcome
the dawning of a new year.
We come, thanking you for guidance
and direction. Go before us, O God, and draw us unto the future where you are.
Our enslaved
ancestors watched that night long ago for the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation. Lord,
keep us awake and alert as we follow in the light of your Word, searching for
the good news of the gospel, and the comforting signs of your love in this
world.
We thank you for watching over us and
caring for us through the old year, as we walked in the light of your love. We
thank you for your promises of peace, healing and justice.
We come, O
God, with great expectations and great hope. Keep these fires kindled within us
that we may watch and wait, and once more feel your presence. Let us know your
power as we embark upon this journey.
You have led us in the past. Guide us
now, and always, that we might choose to do your will and follow your way. We
are pilgrims in a barren land.
We give you
praise, O God, for your goodness and mercy; for life, health and friends, and
for the many blessings you always send. Above all, we thank you for Jesus
Christ, who lifts our hopes, guides us in the Way in this New Year, and in
years to come.
All praise, honor, glory and thanks
to you, our God, through Jesus Christ our risen Savior and Lord.
